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Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf, unlike most ball games , cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.
The game at the usual level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, often having nine holes.
There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough long grass , bunkers or "sand traps" , and various hazards water, rocks but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement. Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play , or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.
Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level. The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland. The hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in Golf's first major , and the world's oldest tournament in existence, is The Open Championship , also known as the British Open, which was first played in at the Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland. This is one of the four major championships in men's professional golf, the other three being played in the United States: The Masters , the U.
Open , and the PGA Championship. While the modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland , the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated. Some historians [3] trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica , in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball. One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.
Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France. In addition, kolven a game involving a ball and curved bats was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in , to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V , a year earlier. The modern game originated in Scotland , where the first written record of golf is James II 's banning of the game in , as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.
A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or "tee box" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway , rough and other hazards , and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin normally a flagstick and cup. The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.
While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.
This is commonly called a "dogleg", in reference to a dog's knee. The hole is called a "dogleg left" if the hole angles leftwards and "dogleg right" if it bends right. Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a "double dogleg". A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.
Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches. The word "links" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word hlinc "rising ground, ridge" : traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.
The first hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois , in The course is still there today. Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order. A "round" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.
Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes. The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1—4 people playing the round. The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an hole round.
Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground also called the tee box, or simply the tee. For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it. A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high. Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.
Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose. A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground. Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club the "sweet spot" for better distance.
When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than yards m , the shot is commonly called a "drive" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a "driver". Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.
Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a "lay-up", an "approach", a "pitch", or a " chip ", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then " putts " the ball into the hole commonly called "sinking the putt" or "holing out".
The goal of getting the ball into the hole "holing" the ball in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called "rough" usually found alongside fairways , which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; "doglegs", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers or sand traps ; and water hazards such as ponds or streams.
In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules , each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take. In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and "surrender the hole" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.
It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the "par" rating of the hole a "triple bogey" — see below ; while technically a violation of Rule 3—2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids "runaway scores", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion. The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages "through the green" can be in excess of 7, yards 6.
At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round. On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a "golf trolley" for their bag.
These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted. At many amateur tournaments including U. The underlying principle of the rules is fairness. As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:. There are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers. However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.
In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette. Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.
Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.
Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing s at the ball. Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the "general penalty" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.
Examples include:. Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball. Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance or "grip" on the top end and a club head on the bottom. Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.
The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball. Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types. Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively "open" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway. Of particular importance is the driver or "1-wood", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to yards m , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.
Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.
Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face. Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy. Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps. The third class is the putter , which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.
A fourth class, called hybrids , evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature. A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.
The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.
Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called "conforming". Violation of these rules can result in disqualification. The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.
Golf balls are spherical, usually white although other colours are allowed , and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays "boundary layer" separation and reduces the drag-inducing "wake" behind the ball, thereby allowing the ball to fly farther.
A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee. Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.
A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment. Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves. Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play. Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.
The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat. However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed. These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or "sweet spot" of the clubface.
The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve. Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively. The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.
All stances involve a slight crouch. This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control. When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target for a right-hander, the target is to their left.
Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.
The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods. The ball is typically positioned more to the "front" of the player's stance closer to the leading foot for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.
Capture one pro 12 styles review free.Course Help Online
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Workflow and performance Get a seamless photo editing process thanks to a personalized interface and fast performance. Workflow and performance. Wireless tethering. Tethered Capture. Customizable workspace. Keyboard Shortcuts. Speed Edit. Copy Adjustments. PSD round-trip support. Capture One Live. Transform Transform your workflow with these new time savings tools.
Lens corrections. Anything else will need tweaking, which you can do on your own. Any potential buyer should consider, that this is software delivered "as-is": No obligation on PhaseOne to provide upgrades or support. Details at PhaseOne Legal Notices. Completely agree - the styles are as overpriced and ineffectual as could possibly be - I rarely find they work for anything. I absolutely echo that NOONE should buy this horrible and expensive add on product - presets can be good, I have some small percentage of the million available in LR that I like, but the CO styles are pretty nasty.
Thanks, you have made me more depressed!!! I just wish I had known this when I shelled out for the Styles. How Capture One get away with it You aren't the only one who has done it mate.
But I agree, the pricing lets them down hugely - the one good thing about them is application via an opacity-adjustable layer, but still. I downloaded the free samples of the Phase One Styles and I was not very happy with them. Amoung other issues is that they simply identified by number. The number gives no indication of the look of the style.
I was not going to through them and relabel them. However i like to use film type styles particularly with black and white films as I am very familiar with many black and white films from by film and black and white dark room days. They are very very to install and use and I use them a lot for black and white conversions of RAW images.
I never recommend buying presets or styles. It's not like it's magic to create one, often times you can mimic it yourself in 10 minutes or less. On top of that, you have to factor in that by using commercially available presets, your photos are now going to look like everyone else's who also bought that set.
No longer use it since I switched to DXO. If they release a version for DXO, I'll probably purchase it again. They sent a bog standard response thanking me for their feedback while not addressing any of the points I had made. Very unimpressed. As far as I can see if you have the trial version of C1 pro you can copy the settings in each of the "styles", so if there happens to be a few you like the look of it isn't too difficult to reproduce them for yourself save them as user styles and then buy the basic package.
But I agree, having played with the program for a few days now I can't see anything particularly wonderful about these presets, and given the extra cost of the souped up versions it looks like a good old fashioned rip off to me. It's a shame because I am very impressed with Capture One and will probably shell out for a licence when the trial runs out, but the attempt to con buyers into paying a significant premium for the presets doesn't sit well with me.
I created this account simply to let you know that your decision to create this thread saved me from buying the style pack before purchasing the software. I could not find any useful info about this anywhere else on the web so this was the only source.
I even updated to a faster imac, but still no difference. It seems to be taking ages to learn C1, and I'm only progressing very slowly. I was about to buy all the C1 Styles to give me a 'leg up', so thanks a heap for stopping me from wasting my hard earned money. For what it is worth, I found C1 very frustrating at first, always trying to make it behave like LR.
Here the film strip is on the bottom, similar to a Lightroom layout. Making the transition from Lightroom? Simply put your filmstrip on the bottom panel and the adjustment panels to the right. You can even assign the same keyboard shortcuts to Capture One Pro as you use in Lightroom.
This is particularly awesome if you have an established workflow and know what you use the most. All this being said, the high learning curve often has me frustrated. Simple things like renaming files or switching from grid to single image view are different in Capture One and they all take some getting used to. Capture One Pro is feature-rich with just about everything a photographer needs in an editing app.
As far as photo editors go, there are a couple of places where Capture One just rocks it. Here are a few of the other advantages of using Capture One Pro over Lightroom, or most of the other image editing softwares out there:. Each brand has their own special recipe for rendering RAW files, but Capture One has long been known for being exceptional. Take a quick look at the video below to see how the photographer uses Capture One Pro to edit high-end fashion portraits.
As far as the level and selection of standard adjustment tools are concerned — exposure, contrast, shadows, highlights, white balance, and so on — Capture One is up there with the best. Some things are done differently, however.
To edit straight-up saturation you need to go to another tab. Capture One Pro comes with an excellent Keystone adjustment. Pro only, not Express. There are plenty of useful autocorrect options for just about every tool, and these work better than my version of Lightroom.
The auto levels adjustment seems particularly spot on. The Express version is obviously a bit more limited. Capture One has these too. When you use layers in Capture One Pro , you can make targeted adjustments to your photos and still use the majority of the image editing tools available, not just the ones in a given tool.
This is a huge benefit for those who like a fine level of control over photo manipulation. For mask creation you can paint them in manually, create a linear gradient mask, or a radial gradient mask similar to Luminar, actually.
Capture One Style 8 "Landscape" With this Capture One style, it becomes as easy as pie to correct the exposure, enhance the contrast and lower the noise. You will be able to create a tender, natural look, making colors rich and beautiful. You will single out necessary objects, vivify dull pictures and add some dramatic tones to your work. Capture One Style 10 "Vibrance" The color brightness and the dynamic range tend to be shortcomings of many photos. The toning effect is superb to create something very special, covering an image with a kind of red haze.
As a result, pictures look very interesting and not too bright. All harsh shades will disappear and your images will acquire a gentle tone. Capture One Style 13 "Portrait" Nobody is willing to pay for ordinary, dilettante works that lack expressiveness and bright colors.
The style we offer can make pictures more expressive and energetic. The improvements are made through smooth curves and color work. The photos look truly gorgeous and romantic. Capture One Style 15 "Wedding" Wedding Capture One style is so popular, as it helps to saturate photos within several seconds, which is very beneficial for volume wedding photo editing.
It includes adjusting: colors; white balance; exposure; highlights; temperature; blacks and whites. How to create layers, apply a style or preset to specific layers, how to adjust the opacity to reduce the impact on the layer, how to apply a style or preset to multiple images - all this can be found in this video from the Capture One Pro YouTube channel itself. You can also subscribe to their channel to never miss any tutorial. This is a quick visual guide on how to install and import styles into Capture One Software.
This is yet another short and to the point tutorial on how to adjust the applied preset.
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